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What is SSL?
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is a standard security technology for establishing an encrypted connection between a web server and a browser. SSL uses a combination of public key and symmetric key encryption to secure a connection between two machines. Typically, if a website wanted to encrypt data transmission between the server and the client, we need to purchase a SSL certificate that contains an encryption key that is placed on the server.
Download the Securly certificate CRT file. Securlyca2034.crt; Navigate to Finder Applications Utilities Keychain Access; Select ‘System’ in the left-hand column. Open ‘File Import Items’ and import the certificate files into the ‘System’ keychain. The certificate should now show with a red X. That means it is untrusted. However, you will no longer be able to upload new apps or updates signed with the expired or revoked certificate to the Mac App Store. Developer ID Application Certificate (Mac applications) If your certificate expires, users can still download, install, and run versions of your Mac applications that were signed with this certificate.
Why SSL encryption?
A part from security problems discussed above, there are many reasons you would need a SSL encryption.
As of January 1st 2017 SSL Encryption is now a ranking factor in Google’s Algorithm. Furthermore Chrome and Firefox will display a warning for any non secure HTTP page that contains a password field. Chrome’s warning will be more severe – on the left-hand side of the address bar it will read “Not Secure.” As a website owner, you need to consider the effects of your web users seeing that your site is “Not Secure”.
All DoD Intermediate Certificates are available for download (one-by-one) from the DoD PKI Management website at (download the Certificate Authority Certificate, not the Certificate Revocation List, i.e. CRL) for each certificate. Company: Southwest I.T. In your “Code Signing Certificate” window, expand Details. In the Extension Certificate Authority Information Access section, under Method #2 CA Issuers, to the right of URI, click the Intermediate Certificate link. After Safari downloads the Intermediate Certificate, double-click the certificate to open it and install it in your login.
How to migrate from HTTP to HTTPS on your mac?
I will help you to perform a good configuration on your mac server in order to support https on your websites. You don’t need money in order to get this works but you need little knowledge of mac programming an a bit of patience. This procedure was firstly developed by Edwin Andino but here I reported the final working version with slight modifications (especially for certificate conversion and install).
FIRST STEP: Get a SSL certificate
SSL Certificates need to be issued from a trusted Certificate Authority. Usually, browsers and operating systems get a list of trusted CA root certificates.
You can buy certificate from different authority (the cost starts from 30€) such as GlobalSign, DigiCert, and go on. A complete list of trusted certificate authority is also supplied from Apple. Otherwise, you can get it for free from Let’s Encrypt. Let’s Encrypt is a free and open certificate authority brought to you by the non-profit Internet Security Research Group.
SECOND STEP: Install “let’s Encrypt” certificate with Homebrew
In order to install Let’s Encrypt certbot, you need Homebrew configured on your mac. You can find the correct procedure here. Open Terminal app and use following code:
brew update
sudo mkdir /etc/letsencrypt
sudo mkdir /var/lib/letsencrypt
sudo mkdir /var/log/letsencrypt
brew install letsencrypt
THIRD STEP: get certificate from Le’s Encrypt
You have to use these simple codes in order to get the certificate. Please change general website name (example.com) with yours. Take care of folder directory of your web sites (mine is /Library/WebServer/Documents/)
sudo letsencrypt certonly –webroot -w /Library/WebServer/Documents/example.com/ -d example.com
You can also get one certificate for multiple sudomain:
sudo letsencrypt certonly –webroot -w /Library/WebServer/Documents/example.com/ -d example.com -d sub1.example.com -d sub2.example.com
or multiple domain:
sudo letsencrypt certonly –webroot -w /Library/WebServer/Documents/example.com/ -d example.com -w /Library/WebServer/Documents/example1.com/ -d example1.com
Terminal app will ask your email address. Your email will be important in order to register your certificate. Furthermore, you will receive expiry notices when your certificate is coming up for renewal (20 days before your certificate expires, and more notices at 10 days and 1 day before it expires) or security notices
Then you have to agree Term of service (choose “a”).
——————————————————————————-
Please read the Terms of Service at
https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.1.1-August-1-2016.pdf. You must agree
in order to register with the ACME server at
https://acme-v01.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
——————————————————————————-
(A)gree/(C)ancel:
Please read the Terms of Service at
https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.1.1-August-1-2016.pdf. You must agree
in order to register with the ACME server at
https://acme-v01.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
——————————————————————————-
(A)gree/(C)ancel:
After this, you’ll get the certificate.
NOTE: if something goes wrong you’ll receive and error like “Failed authorization procedure” with a simple description.
FOURTH STEP: Convert and import certificate to Apple Keychain
At this point you have to convert your certificate (.pem to .p12) in order to be Apple Keychain compatible. Use this simple code in terminal Please change general website name (example.com) with yours.
sudo openssl pkcs12 -export -inkey /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem -in /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/cert.pem -certfile /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem -out /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/letsencrypt_sslcert.p12 -passout pass:YOUR_PASSWORD_HERE
after this, install your certificate into Apple Keychain and Server App:
sudo security import /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/letsencrypt_sslcert.p12 -f pkcs12 -k /Library/Keychains/System.keychain -P YOUR_PASSWORD_HERE -T /Applications/Server.app/Contents/ServerRoot/System/Library/CoreServices/ServerManagerDaemon.bundle/Contents/MacOS/servermgrd
You’ll receive confirmation regarding identity and certificate import
FIFTH STEP: Change your website setting into SSL
Open Server app (or relaunch in case it is open) and click on “websites”. Select your website www.example.com and choose SSL certificate from Let’s Encrypt Authority X3. The port should automatically change to 443. Click OK in order to save changes
RENEW YOUR CERTIFICATE [Update April 8, 2017]
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You have to remember that Let’s encrypt certificate expires in 3 months. However you’ll receive an email notification upon expiration.
In order to renew your certificate you have to use Terminal:
sudo certbot renew
After this, you have to repeat step 4 in order to load new certificate into your Keychain. Close and open again Server.app. You’ll find two Let’s Encrypt certificates (different expiration date). Choose the new certificate for all your services.
At this point you have to remove old certificate. Open Keychain.app (in Application/Utilities), and find your certificates under “System keychain”. You have to remove the certificate already expired or is going to expire.
Close and open again Server.app and voilà: new certificate and SSL services correctly working with it.
Individuals who have a valid authorized need to access DoD Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)- protected information but do not have access to a government site or government-furnished equipment will need to configure their systems to access PKI-protected content.
Accessing DoD PKI-protected information is most commonly achieved using the PKI certificates stored on your Common Access Card (CAC). The certificates on your CAC can allow you to perform routine activities such as accessing OWA, signing documents, and viewing other PKI-protected information online. For more information about your CAC and the information stored on it, visit http://www.cac.mil.
Before you begin, make sure you know your organization’s policies regarding remote use.
Windows
To get started you will need:
- CAC
- Card reader
- Middleware (if necessary, depending on your operating system version)
You can get started using your CAC by following these basic steps:
- Get a card reader.
At this time, the best advice for obtaining a card reader is to work with your home component to get one. In addition, please review the DoD CAC Reader Specifications for more information regarding the requirements for a card reader. - Install middleware, if necessary.
You may need additional middleware, depending on the operating system you use. Please contact your CC/S/A for more information on the middleware requirements for your organization. You can find their contact information on our Contact Us tab. - Install DoD root certificates with InstallRoot (32-bit, 64-bit or Non Administrator).
In order for your machine to recognize your CAC certificates and DoD websites as trusted, run the InstallRoot utility (32-bit, 64-bit or Non Administrator) to install the DoD CA certificates on Microsoft operating systems. If you’re running an alternate operating system such as Mac OS or Linux, you can import certificates from the PKCS 7 bundle. The InstallRoot User Guide is available here. - Make certificates available to your operating system and/or browser, if necessary.
Pick your browser for specific instructions.
Mac
To get started you will need:
- CAC (see note below)
- Card reader
You can get started using your CAC on your Mac OS X system by following these basic steps:
- Get a card reader
Typically Macs do not come with card readers and therefore an external card reader is necessary. At this time, the best advice for obtaining a card reader is through working with your home component. In addition, please review the DoD CAC Reader Specifications for more information regarding card reader requirements. - Download and install the OS X Smartcard Services package
The OS X Smartcard Services Package allows a Mac to read and communicate with a smart card. In order for your machine to recognize your CAC certificates and DoD websites as trusted, the installer will load the DoD CA certificates on OS X. Please refer to this page for specific installation instructions. - Address the cross-certificate chaining Issue
These instructions walk through adjusting the trust settings on the Interoperability Root CA (IRCA) > DoD Root CA 2 and the US DoD CCEB IRCA 1 > DoD Root CA 2 certificates to prevent cross-certificate chaining issues. This can make it appear that your certificates are issued by roots other than the DoD Root CA 2 and can prevent access to DoD websites. - Configure Chrome and Safari, if necessary
Safari and Google Chrome rely on Keychain Access properly recognizing your CAC certificates.- In Finder, navigate to Go > Utilities and launch KeychainAccess.app
- Verify that your CAC certificates are recognized and displayed in Keychain Access
Note: CACs are currently made of different kinds of card stock. To determine what card stock you have, look at the back of your CAC above the magnetic strip. Most CACs are supported by the Smartcard Services package, however Oberthur ID One 128 v5.5 CACs are not. Third party middleware is available that will support these CACS; two such options are Thursby Software’s PKard and Centrify’s Express for Smart Card.
Linux
Mac Certificate Errors
To get started you will need:
![Website Website](/uploads/1/2/6/5/126594648/982877548.jpg)
- CAC
- Card reader
- Middleware
You can get started using your CAC with Firefox on Linux machines by following these basic steps:
Download Certificate From Website Macbook
- Get a card reader.
At this time, the best advice for obtaining a card reader is to work with your home component to get one. In addition, please review the DoD CAC Reader Specifications for more information regarding the requirements for a card reader. - Obtain middleware.
You will need middleware for Linux to communicate with the CAC. The CoolKey PKCS#11 module provides access to the CAC and can be installed using Linux package management commands.- For Debian-based distributions, use the command apt-get install coolkey
- For Fedora-based distributions, use the command yum install coolkey. The CoolKey PKCS #11 module version 1.1.0 release 15 ships with RHEL 5.7 and above and is located at /usr/lib/pkcs11/libcoolkeypk11.so.
If you prefer to build CoolKey from source, instructions are included in the Configuring Firefox for the CAC guide. - Configure Firefox to trust the DoD PKI and use the CAC.
To configure Firefox to communicate with the CAC, follow these steps to install the DoD root and intermediate CA certificates into the Firefox NSS trust store, load the CoolKey library, and ensure the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) is being used to perform revocation checking.
Next Steps
Mac Website Software
Your internet browser is now configured to access DoD websites using the certificates on your CAC. Now that your machine is properly configured, please login and visit our End Users page for more information on using the PKI certificates on your CAC.